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Chapter 9: Conduct Problems in Children and Adolescents

Essay/Short Answer Questions

Define:
•	What are the three main symptom clusters for Oppositional Defiant Disorder?
•	What is the HPA axis?
Comprehend:
•	Give two examples of Conduct Disorder (CD) symptoms that are overt. Give two examples of CD symptoms that are covert.
•	What is meant by the term “parental monitoring?” How can parental monitoring decrease the likelihood of children’s conduct problems?
Analyze:
•	What is the difference between reactive and proactive aggression? Give an example of how an eleven-year-old boy might show each form of aggression.
•	The text describes two ways temperament can contribute to children’s conduct problems: (1) excessive emotional reactivity and (2) low emotional arousal. Compare and contrast these risk factors.
Apply:
•	Mrs. Araz asks her seven-year-old son, Behrooz, to turn off the TV and eat dinner. Behrooz ignores his mother and continues to watch TV. Mrs. Araz repeats her request in a louder voice. In response, Behrooz whines and tantrums until his mother withdraws her request and lets him watch his TV program. Use the concept of “coercive family process” to show how Mrs. Araz might be reinforcing her son’s oppositional behavior.
•	David is a 10-year-old boy. During recess, David is hit in the head by a kickball, leaving mud and grass stains on his face and shirt. He notices that the ball was kicked by Goliath, an older boy who was playing kickball with his friends nearby. According to Crick and Dodge’s (1994) social information-processing theory, what steps will David do through to solve this social problem? If David showed a hostile attributional bias in his problem solving, how might he interpret and respond to the situation? 
Evaluate:
•	How can spanking be a form of positive punishment? Can spanking ever be a form of positive reinforcement? Can spanking ever be a form of modeling?
•	Monica participated in 20 sessions of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy with her five-year-old son, Augustine. After treatment, Augustine showed a marked decrease in behavior problems at home, but not at school. Why?