How is the process of conceptualization different in inductive and deductive research?

Why is data collected by a centralized agency like the Census Bureau usually of a higher quality than data collected by local agencies and compiled into a single database, like the Uniform Crime Report?

Why do most surveys use closed-ended questions?

Propose an alternative definition of substance abuse than provided in the text. How could you operationalize this definition using unobstrusive measures?

Why does a measurement need to be reliable to be valid?